NAD 83
NAD 83 (North American Datum of 1983) is the horizontal geodetic datum used for surveying, mapping, and navigation across North America. It provides the official coordinate reference framework for the United States, Canada, and Mexico.
Overview The North American DatumDatumA geodetic datum is a mathematical model that defines the size, shape, and orientation of the Earth, serving as the r... of 1983 (NAD 83) is the official horizontal geodetic datum for the United States, Canada, Mexico, and Central America. It replaced the older NAD 27 by adopting a geocentric reference ellipsoidReference EllipsoidA reference ellipsoid is a mathematically defined surface that approximates the shape of the Earth as an oblate spher... (GRS 80) and incorporating satellite-based positioning observations, providing a more accurate and globally consistent framework for geographic coordinates across the continent.
Technical Details
NAD 83 is based on the Geodetic Reference System 1980 (GRS 80) ellipsoid, which has virtually identical parameters to the WGS 84WGS 84WGS 84 (World Geodetic System 1984) is the global geodetic reference system used by GPS and most modern mapping appli... ellipsoid. The datumDatumA geodetic datum is a mathematical model that defines the size, shape, and orientation of the Earth, serving as the r... has undergone multiple realizations to improve accuracy, including NAD 83 (HARN), NAD 83 (CORS96), and the most recent NAD 83 (2011). Each realization incorporates updated survey observations and GPSGPSThe Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based navigation system operated by the U.S. Space Force that prov... data. Coordinates are expressed as geodetic latitude and longitude, and the datum supports various projected coordinate systemsCoordinate SystemsCoordinate systems standardize the description of geographic locations using latitude, longitude, and other spatial d... including State Plane and UTM zones.
Applications
NAD 83 is the legally mandated datumDatumA geodetic datum is a mathematical model that defines the size, shape, and orientation of the Earth, serving as the r... for federal mapping and land surveying in the United States. The Federal Aviation Administration, NOAA, and USGS use NAD 83 for charts, maps, and spatial databasesSpatial DatabasesSpatial databases are specialized systems designed to store, query, and manage data related to objects in geographic .... State and local governments across North America base their cadastral records, infrastructure maps, and planning data on NAD 83 coordinate systemsCoordinate SystemsCoordinate systems standardize the description of geographic locations using latitude, longitude, and other spatial d.... The State Plane Coordinate System (SPCS) is defined with NAD 83 as its reference datum.
Transition to NATRF2022
The National Geodetic Survey (NGS) is developing the North American Terrestrial Reference Frame of 2022 (NATRF2022) to replace NAD 83. This new frame will be plate-fixed and aligned with the International Terrestrial Reference Frame, incorporating time-dependent coordinates that account for tectonic plate motion and improving positional accuracy for high-precision applications.
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