Fiona

Fiona is an open-source Python library that wraps GDALGDALGDAL (Geospatial Data Abstraction Library) is an open-source translator library for raster and vector geospatial data...'s OGR vector dataVector DataVector data represents geographic features as discrete points, lines, and polygons with associated attribute informat... access library with a simple, Pythonic interface. Designed by Sean Gillies (also the creator of RasterioRasterioRasterio is a Python library for reading and writing geospatial raster data. Built on GDAL, it provides a Pythonic AP... and ShapelyShapelyShapely is a Python library for creating, manipulating, and analyzing planar geometric objects. Built on the GEOS lib...), Fiona treats vector geospatial dataGeospatial DataGeospatial data encompasses information about the location, shape, and relationships of physical features on Earth. I... as streams of Python dictionaries conforming to the GeoJSONGeoJSONGeoJSON is an open standard format for encoding geographic data structures using JavaScript Object Notation (JSON). I...-like __geo_interface__ protocol, making it easy to read, filter, and write features without dealing with GDAL's C-level complexity. Fiona supports all vector formats available through OGR, including ShapefileShapefileThe Shapefile is a widely used geospatial vector data format developed by Esri, storing the geometry, attributes, and..., GeoJSON, GeoPackage, KML, FileGDB, PostGISPostGISPostGIS is an open-source extension for PostgreSQL databases that introduces support for geographic objects, allowing..., and many more. It provides schema inspection, coordinate reference system management, bounding boxBounding BoxA bounding box is the minimum axis-aligned rectangle that completely encloses a geographic feature or dataset, define... filtering, and attribute filtering during reads. Write operations support creating new datasets, appending to existing files, and format conversion. Fiona handles encoding issues gracefully and provides proper Python exception handling rather than GDAL's C-style error reporting. Fiona is a core component of the Python geospatial ecosystem, serving as the I/O engine behind GeoPandasGeoPandasGeoPandas is a Python library that extends pandas DataFrames with geospatial capabilities. It enables spatial operati... for reading and writing vector files. Its streaming architecture makes it memory-efficient for processing large datasets, as features are loaded one at a time rather than all at once. Researchers, GISGISGeographic Information Systems (GIS) enable users to analyze and visualize spatial data to uncover patterns, relation... professionals, and data engineers use Fiona for ETL pipelines, format conversion scripts, and as the data access layer in larger geospatial applications.